Flying Eagle One Cent
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The Penny, or more properly the Cent, has a long history in the United States and Europe has used the penny for much longer, over a thousand years (the word penny comes from the English word Pence). From the first penny minted in 1787 to the current Lincoln penny, the coin has been an important part of the United States monetary system for over 300 years.
The United States penny has had many different designs throughout its history, some lasting only a few years and others over a century. The first penny was pressed by a private mint in 1787 and was created due to combat counterfeit coins that were so rampant at the time that they were damaging the early country's economy. Benjamin Franklin designed the coin and it was known as the "Fugio" (I fly) cent because of the prominent inscription on the front side of the coin.
The first circulating coin produced by the actual United States Mint was the Chain cent. Produced in 1793, a mere six years after the Fugio cent, the Chain cent contained the head of liberty on the front side and on the reverse, 15 interlocking chains representing the then 15 states. The chains on the back of the coin were not popular with the public and they were quickly replaced with a wreath of leaves. From 1793 to 1857 a variety of different designs were introduced, and due to the primitive methods used to mint coins during that time, may variations of the coins were created. All the coins minted during this time are considered "Large Cents" and were slightly larger than the current quarter. It wasn't until 1856 that the penny became the size we know today.
The Flying Eagle penny was the first small cent (the size of the current penny) and was produced from 1856 to 1858. The coin was artistically well designed, but due to similar raised areas on both the front and back of the coin, had production difficulties. In 1859 the Flying Eagle was discontinued and production of the Indian Head Penny began. An interesting bit of trivia is that the woman on the front of the coin does not represent an American Indian, but Liberty wearing an Indian headdress. According to legend, James Longacre, the coins designer, had his daughter model for the portrait.
In 1909 the Lincoln penny was introduced to commemorate Lincoln's 100th birthday. Interestingly, this was the first coin to show an actual historical person. Earlier coins displayed Liberty, representing a concept, but not a real person. The first Lincoln penny had two wheat heads on the reverse side, but in 1959, Lincoln's 150th birthday, this was changed to the Lincoln Memorial building. For Lincoln's 200th birthday in 2009, four designs commemorating Lincoln's life were used for the reverse of the penny. Starting in 2010 a new shield design will be used.
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Flying Eagle One Cent